![]() It only takes 2–3 hours to get a billion or so copies. The cycle is repeated many times (usually 20–30) as most processes using PCR need large quantities of DNA. PCR sample collections can be done at home but have to be sent to a lab for results. After collection, PCR testing requires special equipment in a lab to get a result while antigen testing can produce results with limited materials in less than an hour. The result of one cycle of PCR is two double-stranded sequences of target DNA, each containing one newly made strand and one original strand. Both PCR and antigen testing use samples of cells collected from your nose, mouth, or throat. The order in which the free nucleotides are added is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the original (template) DNA strand. This enzyme is often Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from a thermophilic bacteria called Thermus aquaticus. A DNA polymerase enzyme joins free DNA nucleotides together. New strands of DNA are made using the original strands as templates. This can only occur once the temperature of the solution has been lowered. Primers bind to the target DNA sequences and initiate polymerisation. The separation happens by raising the temperature of the mixture, causing the hydrogen bonds between the complementary DNA strands to break.
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